中文：

城市化進程中失地農民的再就業安置是當前面臨的一個重要問題。對此進行理論分析和實際考察，具有重要的理論價值和現實意義。從公平與效率的關系出發，客觀分析和闡述了在我國城市化建設中，政府與市場在失地農民再就業安置中應承擔的職責，并通過考察國內外失地農民再就業安置的經驗，指出了我國政府在解決失地農民再就業安置中的責任，并提出相關建議與對策，希望有助于我國失地農民再就業安置問題的解決，有助于社會主義和諧社會的建設。

失地農民的出現是社會發展注重效率的必然結果，其再就業安置則體現了社會公平的程度。隨著人類對于自然界的認識及改造能力的增強，追求效率的結果是以群居為特征的城市的出現及社會城市化進程的加快。這是以占有原農村土地為代價的，因此就產生了大量的失地農民。所以說失地農民的出現是社會追求效率的必然結果。另一方面農民失去了土地，也就失去了原來賴以生存的手段;而且其整體文化素質不高，參政能力有待提高，這就決定了失地農民在社會上處于弱勢群體的地位。社會公平就是要解決社會上弱勢群體的平等地位。從反方面來看，如果沒有很好的解決失地農民再就業安置問題，失地農民很容易成為社會發展的消極因素，進而影響社會效率的提高。

政府作為執行公共權力的主體，在維護公平方面，起主導作用。其主要通過建立和實施相關制度，用它來規范社會中行為主體人的行為，維護社會秩序。

政府在促進就業中應承擔的職責包括以下幾個方面:提供就業政策，建立健全就業相關法規制度;為就業者提供公平的就業環境，完善就業服務體系;充分發揮比較優勢，搞好產業結構調整，多渠道、多層次、多形式開發就崗位;為失業者提供社會保障，以保證失業者在就業前的基本生活。

研究發達國家在城市化進程中對失業農民的安置過程，我們發現，各國政府都積極的發揮作用:通過立法制定嚴格的法律、法規及相應政策，盡量保護農民利益;用工廠和農場來吸收剩余勞動力，加強就業培訓、利用多種途徑促使剩余勞動力的就業;設立失地農民社會保障，降低他們的風險。

通過對長春市凈月潭旅游經濟開發區的失地農民再就業安置問題的實地研究，比較我國其它地區失地農民再就業安置情況，目前在無統一的政策規定的情況下，各級地方政府采取的就業安置模式主要有:浙江模式，以土地換保障為中心的以商業化運作為特點的多渠道多形式的就業安置模式;咸嘉的“留地集中安置，綜合開發建設”模式;南海的集體土地股份制模式;以杭州和山東為代表的開發性安置模式。綜合來看，各種安置模式都存在一些共性的問題:如目前各地幾乎還沒有真正建立失地農民的社會保障制度，保障方式單一，水平過低;政府沒有履行其應盡的職責;制度方面不能有效的保證失地農民的權益;以土地換社保的模式強調、突出了保障，但對就業能力的提高，再就業的安置關注不夠等等。

在失地農民再就業安置過程中農民自身存在的問題主要包括:文化素質和勞動技能偏低;自身的適應性較差，在思想、觀念上沒有做好充分的準備去適應這種非農轉變;農民缺乏捍衛自身權益的思想意識，不知道如何利用法律武器保護自己;農民組織化程度空前弱化，農民基本上喪失自我保護能力;失地農民中的“弱勢群體”的生活難問題尤為突出。

在失地農民再就業安置過程中政府存在的問題包括:1、政府責任錯位:政府沒有更好的為被征地者提供生活基礎—補償安置款;政府對提高失地農就業能力和再就業的安置關注不夠;個別政府和商家勾結，犧牲農民利益以謀取私利。2、由政府失職導致的制度缺失表現在:制度有效供給不足一一失地農民再就業安置法律法規不完善，相關政策落實不到位;土地征用補償制度不合理，監督機制不健全，補償費用被基層政權截留;社會保障制度缺失。

為解決上述問題，政府在對失地農民再就業安置的過程中要做到:1，政府要保證有效制度供給:首先要制定符合失地農民特點的社會保障制度;其次要完善征地制度及相關法律法規，保護被征地農民利益;再次，政府要提高自身執法水平保證各項制度法規的有效落實。2、政府有責任指導失地農民的再就業。3、政府要從多方面幫助失地農民實現再就業:首先要完善失地農民就業培訓機制和體系，幫助失地農民提高勞動技能;其次制定適合失地農民特點的就業促進政策，多創造崗位，扶持失地農民逐步致富;再次建立完善的勞動力市場體系，營造健康的就業環境。另外，為更好地解決失地農民再就業安置問題，還應充分發揮市場機制優勢，并提高農民自我維權水平。

英文：

At present， we have to face the serious problem how to find jobs for the peasants who lost their land in the process of urbanization in china. Therefore， it is of theoretical value and realistic meaning carrying on the theoretical analysis and practical investigation to the problem. The paper analyses objectively and expound the duty of the government and the market in the process of the reemployment and settlement about the peasants who lost their land， and points out reemployment and settlement of peasants who the government's duty during lost their territories， and brings relevant suggestions which， I hope， may be favorable to resolve the problem and construction of socialist harmonious society in China through the experiences both at home and abroad about the reemployment and settlement about the peasants who lost their territories.

It is an inevitable outcome for us to pay attention to efficiency in social development that the peasants lost their territory takes place. It reflects the degree of fairness in our society that they has been reemployed and settled down. With mankind's development of the ability to understand and transform nature， the result of pursuing efficiency brings about appearance of the city with the characteristic of living in groups and quickening the process of the social urbanization. This is at the cost of occupying the original rural land， which makes a large number of peasants lost their territories.

Therefore， it is a foregone conclusion for the society to pursue efficiency that the peasants lost their land. It suggests that the peasants lost their territories mean that they lost the original way they depend on for existence. Th e poor education of the whole peasants get and the ability to participate in government and political affairs needs developing， all of which determine the position of disadvantaged groups in the society that the peasants lost territories have to be. A fair society should just solve the problem of the equal footing， which the disadvantaged groups in the society should get.

Otherwise， the peasants of lost territory are very apt to become the negative factor of social development， which will be a bad influence on the improvement of social efficiency， if the problem of reemploying and settling down the peasants of lost territory is solved not very well.

As the subject of carrying out pubic power， the government plays a leading role in keeping fairness. It standardizes the behavioral agents' behavior in society by the way to set up and administer relevant systems， and keeps the civil order.

The duty that the government should take in promoting employment includes the respects as follows: Firstly， offer the employment policies， set up and perfect the relevant laws and regulations on employment; Secondly， offer the fair employment environment to employees， perfect service system of employment; Thirdly， give full play to comparative advantage， do well in industrial restructuring， try hard to create the openings by the multifaceted ways; Finally， offer the social security to the jobless， so as to ensure their basic life before they are employed.

Studying the process of finding places for the unemployed peasants in the process of urbanization in the developed country， we've found that the governments of various countries all shave played the role of active support. Through legislating to make the strict laws and regulations and corresponding policies， which try their best to protect the interests of the peasants; Absorb the surplus labor， strengthen employment training， impel the surplus laborers to be employed by as many ways as possible; Set up the social security for the peasants of lost territory and reduce their risk.

Through on-the-spot researches on the settlement of the problem of peasants who lost their territories in Changchun Jingyuetan Tourist&Economic Development Zone， comparing the situations of reemployment and settlement of the peasants who lost their territories in other areas of our country， under the situation that there is no unified policies and regulations at present， the main reemployment and settlement modes of the local governments are as follows: The mode of Zhejiang， the multi-channel and multiform modes of reemployment and settlement， takes exchanging land for social security as key and takes commercialized operation as its characteristics; the mode of "reserving land for integrate settlement， comprehensive development and construction" has been used in Xianjia; the shareholding mode of collective land in Nanhai; the typical creative modes in Hangzhou City and Shandong. In general， there are some problems in common among these settlement modes， such as almost no real social security system for the peasants who lost their territories at present has been made and meanwhile， the ways of social security is too simple and far from perfect; the government doesn't do its duty which it ought to do; it can't effectively secure the rights and interests of peasants who lost their territories. The mode of exchanging land for soc ial security emphasizes the social security， but doesn't pay enough attention to the improvement of employment ability and the arrangement of reemploying， etc.

During the reemployment and settlement of the peasants who lost their territories， the peasants have their own problems and they are mainly: education， labor skills poor; and their own adaptability are poor; they make no full preparation for facing the change from agricultural to non-agricultural laborer in the concept or ideas. Peasants have no the ideology of defending their own rights and interests， don't know how to use the weapons of law to protect themselves; the peasant's organization is weakened in unprecedented way， peasants lose self-protection ability basically; the problems of hard to live for the "disadvantaged groups" among the peasants who lost their territories are particularly serious.

In the process of the reemployment and settlement of the peasants who lost their

territories the government has the problems as follows: 1. improper position of the government's responsibilities: the government doesn't provide the peasants whose land is acquired with better living condition-compensation for settlement; the government doesn't pay enough attention to improving the ability of employment and reemployment and settlement of the peasants who lost their land; some governments and businessmen collaborate with each other and encroach upon the interests of the peasants to seek personal gain. 2. the government neglects its duty to cause the lack of institution as follows: the insufficient of the institutional effective supply-the imperfect of the laws and regulations on the reemployment and settlement of peasants who lost their territories and relevant policies are not fully implemented; the institution of land acquisition compensation is unreasonable，supervision mechanism is not perfect， compensation expenses are kept by the political authority at root-level; the social security system is lacked.

In order to solve above-mentioned problems， during the reemployment and settlement about peasant who lost their territories， the government should accomplish what as follows: 1.The government should guarantee the effective institution supply. First， formulate the social security system which are suitable to the characteristics of the peasants who lost their territories; second， perfect the institution of land acquisition and the relevant laws and regulations to protect the interests of the peasants whose land are acqu ired; the last， the government itself should improve its law-enforcement level in order to guarantee the effective implement of every institution and regulation. 2. The government has the responsibility to guide the reemployment of peasants who lost their territories. 3. The government has the duty to help peasants who lost territories get reemployed in many ways: First， perfect the employment mechanism and system for the peasants who lost territories， help them improve their labor skills; second， formulate the promotional policies of promoting employment suitable to them and create more posts to support them to live more comfortably gradually; last， set up perfect labor force market system and build fine employment environment. In addition， to better solve the problem of reemployment and settlement of the peasants who lost their territories， we should exploit advantages of the market mechanism to the full and improve the level of safeguarding their own rights of peasants who lost their territories.