關于碳酸利多卡因在臂叢神經阻滯中的藥代動力學及藥效學
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作者:施宇翔文愛東熊利澤張英民
【關鍵詞】 碳酸利多卡因 關鍵詞: 碳酸利多卡因;臂叢神經阻滯;藥代動力學;藥效學 摘 要:目的 探討碳酸利多卡因在臂叢神經阻滯中的臨床藥代動力學及藥效學特性. 方法 20例實施臂叢神經阻滯患者,隨機分為鹽酸利多卡因組和碳酸利多卡因組,每組10例,分別給予鹽酸利多卡因或碳酸利多卡因(6mg kg-1 ).以熒光偏振免疫分析法(FPIA)測定利多卡因的血藥濃度,以臨床觀察評價藥效學,比較利多卡因鹽酸鹽和碳酸鹽的藥動學和藥效學的差異. 結果 碳酸利多卡因和鹽酸利多卡因的主要藥動學參數達峰時間、達峰濃度及曲線下面積(AUC)分別為(17.2±8.9)和(25.6±9.7)min;(4.2±1.6)和(3.3±1.2)mg L-1 ;(11.8±1.8)和(8.7±1.6)mg h L-1 ;碳酸利多卡因和鹽酸利多卡因的藥效學參數麻醉起效時間、阻滯完善時間及麻醉持續時間分別為(4.9±1.8)和(9.1±2.1)min;(8.9±4.6)和(13.7±5.2)min;(211.3±47.4)和(152.6±31.4)min. 結論 碳酸利多卡因吸收速率和達峰時間均快于其鹽酸鹽,AUC也大于其鹽酸鹽,臨床麻醉起效時間及阻滯完善時間均快于其鹽酸鹽,體內消除半衰期與鹽酸利多卡因基本一致.
Keywords:lidocaine carbonate;brachial plexus block;phar-macokinetics;pharmacodynamics Abstract:AIM To investigate pharmacokinetics and phar-macodynamics of lidocaine carbonate in the patients duringbrachial plexus block.METHODS 20patients undergoing brachial plexus block were randomly and equally allocated in-to two groups.The patients were given lidocaine carbonate and lidocaine hydrochloride(6mg kg-1 )respectively.Serum levels of lidocaine were measured using FPIA.Pharmacody-naimcs was evaluated by subjective observation of an anes-thetist.The results of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodyna-mics of lidocaine carbonate were compared with those of lido-caine hydrochloride.RESULTS The peak time,the maxi-mal concentrations and AUC of the lidocaine carbonate group and lidocaine hydrochloride group were(17.2±8.9)vs(25.6±9.7)min,(4.2±1.6)vs(3.3±1.2)mg L-1 ,(11.8±1.8)vs(8.7±1.6)mg h L-1 ,respectively.The onset time,finishing time and persistent time of blockade of the li-docaine carbonate group and lidocaine hydrochloride group were(4.9±1.8)vs(9.1±2.1)min;(8.9±4.6)vs(13.7±5.2)min;(211.3±47.4)vs(152.6±31.4)min,respective┐ly.CONCLUSION The results showed constant of the ab-sorption rate and AUC of lidocaine carbonate were singifi-cantly greater than those of lidocaine hydrochloride.The peak time was shorter than that of lidocaine hydrocloride too.The onset time and finishing time of blockade of lidocaine car-bonate were shorter than those of lidocaine hydrochloride.The study suggested that onset of blockade of lidocaine car-bonate was faster,but elimination of lidocaine in human body was almost the same as that of lidocaine hydrochloride during brachial plexus block. 0 引言 通過揭示藥物在體內的藥動藥效規律,實現個體化給藥,達到提高藥物療效,降低不良反應的目的,是目前臨床藥物治療學的研究重點[1-3] .利多卡因是臨床常用的酰胺類局麻藥,主要用于神經阻滯及硬膜外麻醉.以往研究結果顯示,提高利多卡因溶液的pH值,使藥物的非離子型比例增加,從而促進利多卡因的擴散,使阻滯起效時間縮短,效果增強[4-8] .本實驗對碳酸利多卡因與鹽酸利多卡因在臂叢神經阻滯中的藥代動力學及藥效學進行了比較研究,旨為其在臨床神經阻滯中合理應用和避免發生不良反應提供理論依據. 1 對象和方法 1.1 對象 隨機選擇美國麻醉醫師協會(American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA)Ⅰ~Ⅱ級的上肢疾患患者20例,年齡(34.3±14.8)歲,體質量(63.8±5.7)kg. 1.2 方法 1.2.1 給藥 隨機分成2組,每組10例,在臂叢神經阻滯下進行手術.鹽酸組用20g L-1 鹽酸利多卡因(第二軍醫大學朝暉制藥廠,批號:010918),碳酸組用20g L-1 碳酸利多卡因(江蘇泰興制藥廠,批號:011022),全部患者均不用術前藥.肌間溝途徑尋找異感行臂叢阻滯,利多卡因用量按6mg kg-1 計算. 1.2.2 藥代動力學研究 在臂叢神經注入局麻藥后的5,10,20,30,45,60,120,180和360min分別從肘正中靜脈采血1mL,血標本離心,取血清,用熒光偏振免疫方法(FPIA)測定利多卡因的血藥濃度,以3P97藥動學軟件擬和求得利多卡因的藥動學參數. 1.2.3 藥效學觀測指標 麻醉期間觀察并記錄麻醉起效時間、阻滯完善時間和麻醉持續時間. 統計學處理:血藥濃度數據均以3P97藥動學軟件自動計算并判斷房室模型,以梯形法計算曲線下面積(AUC),以消除相濃度的對數與時間的回歸求得消除半衰期.Tab1用生存分析,Tab2用成組t檢驗,數據以x ±s表示.