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慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期呼吸道病原菌分布及耐藥性淺析

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作者:王永興,曹家月,郭梅,謝柏梅,劉德江,劉振霞

【關鍵詞】 ,肺

【Abstract】 AIM: To analyze the distribution of pathogens in respiratory tract and their drug resistance in the patients with acute explosion chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) for a better use of antibiotics in treatment. METHODS: The sputum samples of 240 AECOPD patients from January 2002 to May 2004 were collected from our hospital and the pathogens species in all samples were tested. The drug sensitivity was determined by slip diffusion method. RESULTS: 114 strains of pathogens were found in all sputum samples. 66.7% of them were Gramnegative, 24.6% were Grampositive and 7.0% were epiphytes. Among the Gramnegative bacillis, the main pathogens included Pseudomonas (28.1%), Haemophilus influenza (15.8%), enteric bacilli (12.3%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.8%). Among the Grampositive coccis, the main pathogens included Staphyloccus aureus (12.3%), Pneumococcus (7.0%) and Staphyloccus epidermindis (5.3%). The results of drug sensitivity test showed that most of the Gramnegative bacillis were more sensitive to ticarcilli/clavulanate potassium, imipenem, ceftazidime, piperacillin and amikacin, and that most of the Grampositive coccis were more sensitive to imipenem, ceftazidime and vancomycin. CONCLUSION: Gramnegative bacillus are predominant in lower respiratory tract in AECOPD patients with higher frequency of drug resistance. The 3rd or 4th generation of cephalosporins and some antibiotics with the capability of inhibiting ESBLS are recommended in clinical application. 【Keywords】 lung diseases, obstructive; acute disease; chronic disease; pathogen, drug resistance, microbial 【摘要】 目的: 總結我院慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期呼吸道感染病原菌分布和耐藥性特點,指導抗生素應用. 方法: 對我院200201/200405呼吸病房及干部病房收治的240例AECOPD患者行痰液細菌培養,藥敏采用紙片擴散法. 結果: 240例AECOPD患者痰細菌培養分離出114株致病菌,以革蘭陰性桿菌占首位(66.7%),革蘭陽性球菌第2位(24.6%),真菌第3位(7.0%). 革蘭陰性桿菌中以假單胞菌屬(28.1%)、流感嗜血桿菌(15.8%)、腸桿菌屬(12.3%)、肺炎克雷伯桿菌(8.8%)為主要致病菌. 革蘭陽性球菌中以金黃色葡萄球菌(12.3%)、肺炎鏈球菌(7.0%)、表皮葡萄球菌(5.3%)為主要致病菌. 藥敏發現,替卡西林/克拉維酸、亞胺培南、頭孢他啶、哌拉西林、丁胺卡那對大部分革蘭陰性桿菌有較好敏感性,亞胺培南、頭孢他啶、萬古霉素對大部分革蘭陽性球菌有較好敏感性. 結論: AECOPD下呼吸道致病菌以革蘭陰性桿菌為主,且耐藥率較高. 經驗用藥宜選頭孢3, 4代或含有β內酰胺酶抑制劑的抗生素. 【關鍵詞】 肺疾病,阻塞性;急性病;慢性病;病菌;抗藥性,微生物 0引言 慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(acute explosion chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AECOPD)在臨床上極為常見,已經成為周圍呼吸功能衰竭的主要原因. 其病原菌構成較復雜,且隨著抗生素、糖皮質激素的濫用,細菌耐藥現象日趨嚴重,給治療帶來很大困難. 為了解AECOPD下呼吸道感染病原菌分布和耐藥性特點,指導抗生素應用,我們對我院呼吸科病房及干部病房AECOPD患者行痰細菌培養及藥敏試驗,結果分析報道如下. 1對象和方法 1.1對象 我院200201/200405呼吸病房及干部病房收治的AECOPD患者240(男165,女75)例. 年齡51~89(平均62.8)歲,均符合中華呼吸學會1997年制定的COPD診斷標準,且有新近發生的痰量增加、膿性痰增多和呼吸困難加重,符合AECOPD. 其中合并糖尿病38例,合并慢性腎功能不全15例. 以AECOPD入院182例,以其他疾病入院,院內發生AECOPD 58例. 1.2方法 在應用抗生素前或抗生素療效差時行痰培養. 患者晨起清水及30 mL/L雙氧水漱口,用力深咳第1口痰棄去,留第2口痰于無菌瓶中,1 h內接種到羊血平板和巧克力平板,CO2孵箱35℃孵育. 以痰涂片光鏡檢查每低倍視野鱗狀上皮細胞<10個,白細胞>25個,或鱗狀上皮細胞/白細胞<1/2.5者為合格標本. 按常規分離培養,遵循《全國臨床檢驗操作規程》. 連續2次培養為同一細菌,即為可靠致病菌. 藥敏測定采用國際標準KirbyBaver紙片擴散法,按美國NCCLS標準判定.

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