淺談嘗試教學法在中學美術中的運用
王學靜
【摘要】新課程標準突出的特點就是注重學習方式的改進和指導,明確“教師應重視對學生學習方法的研究,引導學生以感受、觀察、體驗、表現以及收集資料等學習方法,進行自主學習與合作交流”。“嘗試教學法”主張先試后導,先練后講,先學后教”,概括出以“嘗試”貫之教學過程的教學模式,在中學美術教學實踐中大有用武之地;“先試后導”實現了美術教師角色的換位;“先練后講”實現了美術自學能力的培養;“先學后教”實現了美術創新能力的培養。 【關鍵詞】嘗試教學;中學美術教學;主體嘗試作用The tray talks about trial teaching method applying in middle school fine arts 【Abstract】The new course standard prominent characteristic is to attach importance to the improvement studying way's and guide , the research making clear that "the teacher should attach importance to student learning method, guides a student to be in progress with feel , learning method such as observing , experiencing , showing and collecting a data, acting on self's own studying and communicating with in cooperation". "Teaching method leads trial" after advocating trying first , first, the white silk queen as far as queen religion " is concerned , learns first, summarize the teaching pattern acting according to teaching process of "attempting" a birthplace , There's ample scope for one's abilities in middle school the fine arts teaching practice; Try leading the conversion having realized the fine arts teacher role "the day afer tomorrow first"; "After practising first as far as the culture having realized the fine arts studying an ability independently is concerned "; "Mimic the queen teaching the culture having realized the fine arts ability to innovate first". 【Key words】Attempt teaching; Middle school the fine arts teaching; The main body attempts an effect
中小學教育改革轟轟烈烈,但傳統的“注入式”、“—言堂”仍普遍存在,在調動學生學習主動性、創造性、積極性等方面還做得不夠,學生自學能力弱。創造能力低,這種情況在我們欠發達地區顯得尤為突出。在當前美術課教育中,也存在同樣的弊端,傳統的注入式教學方法嚴重地影響了學生的繪畫興趣,束縛學生智力的發展,能力的提高,不利于培養獨立思考,勇于創新的開拓型人才。嘗試教學理論,強調學生自主學習,主動參與,自由探究,主張“先試后導,先練后講,先學后教,具體操作是“從嘗試入手,從練習開始”,采用靈活多樣的嘗試策略,為教學理論注入,新鮮血液。筆者認為美術課以練為主的學科特點非常適合運用“嘗試教學法”,中學美術教學界有借鑒運用嘗試教學理論的必要,“嘗試教學法”在中學美術教學中大有用武之地,有利于推動美術教學改革,充分發揮美術教學在素質教育中的功能,促進全體學生在素質教育中均得到同步發展和提高。嘗試教學法在中學美術課的意義主要表現在以下三個方面: 1“先試后導”實現了美術教師角色的換位“先試后導”是指讓學生根據教學目的先自己進行嘗試。教師根據學生的嘗試情況再進行指導,強調先讓學生試一試。以練習為主的美術課正適合充分運用嘗試教學法,以提高課堂教學效果。教師先不講繪畫技法或制作方法,而是讓學生自行觀察范作先試著畫或試著做,這樣一開始就把學生推到了主體地位,而教師則退居”幕后”,對課堂實行監控,及時指導.及時矯正,發揮主導作用。 “先學后教,以學為主:先練后講,以練為主”,充分體現了把課堂還給學生,把學習主動權交給學生的精神,改變了教師主宰課堂的現狀,實現了教師角色的換位。這正是當前實行創新教育所必須的。