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關于靶控輸注異丙酚全憑靜脈麻醉

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作者:柴 偉,于代華,高昌俊,楊永慧,孫緒德

【關鍵詞】 麻醉 關鍵詞: 麻醉,靜脈內;靶控輸注;異丙酚 摘 要:目的 觀察靶控輸注異丙酚全憑靜脈麻醉誘導及術中血流動力學變化、術后蘇醒時間及相應的效應室濃度,以指導臨床合理用藥. 方法 15例擇期行腹腔鏡膽囊切除術患者采用靶控輸注異丙酚全靜脈麻醉.設定誘導時效應室目標濃度為4mg?L-1 ,復合咪唑安定2mg,芬太尼2μg?kg-1 ,維庫溴銨0.1mg?kg-1 氣管插管,術中維持異丙酚濃度為2mg?L-1 ,記錄誘導前、誘導后2min、插管即刻、插管后2min、切皮及氣腹時心率(HR)、收縮壓(SBP)、舒張壓(DBP)、平均動脈壓(MAP)及停藥后蘇醒時間,蘇醒時相應的效應室濃度. 結果 插管即刻HR,SBP,DBP及MAP均與誘導前比較有顯著差異(P<0.05),氣腹后DBP,MAP也較誘導前有明顯升高(P<0.05),平均蘇醒時間為(8.6±2.7)min,相應效應室濃度為(1.48±0.24)mg?L-1 . 結論 采用靶控輸注異丙酚全憑靜脈麻醉誘導時和維持期血流動力學相對較為穩定,術后蘇醒較為迅速. Keywords:anesthesia,intravenous;target-controlled infu-sion;propofol Abstract:AIM To observe the hemodynamic changes dur-ing induction and maintenance period,the wakening time af-ter operation and the corresponding effect site blood propofol concentration using target-controlled infusion(TCI)with propofol for total intravenous anesthesia.METHODS Fif-teen patients scheduled for laparascopic cholesystectomy un-der TCI with propofol for total intravenous anesthesia were studied.Target blood propofol concentration was initially set at4mg?L-1 ,anesthesia was induced with this propofol con-centration and midazolam2mg,fentanyl2μg?kg-1 ,ve-curonium0.1mg?kg-1 .In order to maintain anesthesia,the blood propofol concentration was set at2mg?L-1 .The heart rate(HR),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),mean artery pressure(MAP)before induction,2min after induction,at endotracheal intubation,2min after intubation,at incision were recorded respectively.The wakening time after stopping propofol infusion and the corresponding blood propofol concentration at effect site were recorded too.RESULTS HR,SBP,DBP and MAP in-creased significantly after intubation(P<0.05),DBP and MAP after pneumoperitoneum were higher than those at in-duction(P<0.05).The mean wakening time was(8.6±2.7)min,the corresponding effect site blood propofol concentration was(1.48±0.24)mg?L-1 .CONCLUSION Hemodynamics were relatively stable during anesthesia induc-tion and maintenance period when TCI with propofol was used for total intravenous anesthesia,and the patients woke up soon after the operation. 0 引言 靶控輸注(target-controlled infusion,TCI)是一種新的靜脈麻醉方法,近年來國內、外剛剛開始應用于臨床,與傳統泵注異丙酚的方法相比,TCI具有使用簡便,能使血藥濃度維持在較為穩定的水平的優點[1,2] .但采用TCI誘導、維持時對血流動力學影響如何及停藥后患者的蘇醒狀態是臨床普遍關心的問題,我們就此作一研究觀察. 1 對象和方法 1.1 對象 選擇ASA I~II級、擇期行腹腔鏡膽囊切除術的成年患者25(男15,女10)例,年齡18~55(平均36)歲,排除有心、肺疾病患者.術前用藥均采用阿托品0.5mg,安定10mg肌肉注射. 1.2 方法 采用靶控輸注(Graseby3500型靶控輸注泵)異丙酚全憑靜脈麻醉,設定誘導時效應室濃度為4mg?L-1 ,待患者睫毛反射消失后靜注咪唑安定2mg,芬太尼2μg?kg-1 ,維庫溴銨0.1mg?kg-1 ,經口腔氣管插管,術中維持靶濃度為2~4mg?L-1 ,依據血流動力學監測指標進行調節,不用其他麻醉藥.術中監測ECG,SpO2 及無創血壓,分別記錄誘導前、誘導后2min、插管即刻、插管后2min、切皮及氣腹后NBP和HR.停藥后以呼之能睜眼作為患者蘇醒指標,記錄停藥至蘇醒時間及蘇醒時效應室濃度. 統計學處理:所有參數以x ±s表示,采用本校SPLM軟件包進行方差分析. 2 結果 插管即刻HR,SBP,DBP和MBP與誘導前比較均升高,統計學處理有顯著性差異(P<0.05),人工氣腹后DBP和MBP也較誘導前有明顯升高(P<0.05),其他各時點血流動力學參數與誘導前比較無顯著差異(Tab1).停藥至患者蘇醒的平均時間為(8.6±2.7)min,相應效應室濃度為(1.48±0.24)mg?L-1 .

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